Pixel for pixel, monochrome monitors produce sharper text and images than color CRT monitors. Monochrome monitors continued to be used, even after the introduction of higher resolution color IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter and Video Graphics Array standards in the late 1980s, for dual-monitor applications. It could also run most programs written for the CGA card's standard graphics modes. This was much higher resolution than the alternative IBM Color Graphics Adapter 320×200 pixel, or 640×200 pixel graphic standard. The 5151 was designed to work with the PC's Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) text-only graphics card, but the third-party Hercules Graphics Card became a popular companion to the 5151 screen because of the Hercules' comparatively high-resolution bitmapped 720×348 pixel monochrome graphics capability, much used for business presentation graphics generated from spreadsheets like Lotus 1-2-3.
Well-known examples of early monochrome monitors are the VT100 from Digital Equipment Corporation, released in 1978, the Apple Monitor III in 1980, and the IBM 5151, which accompanied the IBM PC model 5150 upon its 1981 release. Īn amber screen was claimed to give improved ergonomics, specifically by reducing eye strain this claim appears to have little scientific basis. If the P4 phosphor is used, the screen is white monochrome (known as "page white") this is the same phosphor as used in early television sets. If the P3 phosphor is used, the screen is amber monochrome. Monochrome monitors are commonly available in three colors: if the P1 phosphor is used, the screen is green monochrome. Either normal/bright or normal/dim (1 bit) per character as in the VT100 or black, dark gray, light gray, white (2bit) per pixel like the NeXT MegaPixel Display. Typically, only a limited set of brightness levels was provided to save display memory which was very expensive in the '70s and '80s. Some monitors have the ability to vary the brightness of individual pixels, thereby creating the illusion of depth and color, exactly like a black-and-white television.
All text and graphics are displayed in that color. Unlike color monitors, which display text and graphics in multiple colors through the use of alternating-intensity red, green, and blue phosphors, monochrome monitors have only one color of phosphor ( mono means "one", and chrome means "color"). The most common technology for monochrome monitors was the CRT, although, e.g., plasma displays, were also used. It uses a GoldStar Type 310KGLA amber tube.
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